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Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights : ウィキペディア英語版 | Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights is an international treaty establishing complaint and inquiry mechanisms for the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It was adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 2008, and opened for signature on 24 September 2009. As of August 2015, the Protocol has 45 signatories and 21 state parties.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Parties to the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights )〕 It entered into force on 5 May 2013.〔OP-ICESCR, Article 18.〕 ==Genesis==
In 1966, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Covenant obliged its parties to recognise and progressively implement economic, social, and cultural rights, including labour rights and right to health, right to education, and right to an adequate standard of living, but did not include any mechanism by which these obligations could be legally enforced. Work on an individual complaints mechanism began in 1990, with a view to developing an Optional Protocol similar to those of other UN human rights instruments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2008-07-13 )〕 Development was encouraged by the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights, which recommended the Commission on Human Rights and CESCR to "continue examination of optional protocols" to the ICESCR. CESCR presented the first draft Optional Protocol in 1997.〔 In 2002, the Committee established an open-ended working group to continue development. In 2006, the Human Rights Council gave the open-ended working group the task of formally negotiating a draft text. Negotiations were completed in April 2008, and the resulting Optional Protocol was formally adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10 December 2008.〔 It was opened for signature on 24 September 2009.〔
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